PON (Passive optical network) technologies include EPON and GPON. It is the main implementation technology for the development of FTTx (Fiber to the home), which can save backbone fiber resources and network layers, provide two-way high bandwidth capabilities under long-distance transmission conditions. Rich in types of access services, its remote management capabilities & optical passive distribution network structure can greatly reduce operation and maintenance costs, it can support multiple application scenarios.
A passive optical network (PON) is a system that brings optical fiber cabling and signals all or most of the way to the end user. Depending on where the PON terminates, the system can be described as fiber-to-the-curb (FTTC), fiber-to-the-building (FTTB), or fiber-to-the-home (FTTH).
In a PON, the downstream signal originating from the central office is broadcasted to each customer premises that share a fiber. To ensure privacy and security, encryption techniques are employed to prevent eavesdropping. On the other hand, upstream signals are combined using a multiple-access protocol, commonly known as time division multiple access (TDMA).
The core components of a PON include an optical line terminal (OLT) located at the service provider's central office or hub, and a series of optical network units (ONUs) or Optical Network Terminals (ONTs) positioned near the end users. These ONUs or ONTs act as the interface between the optical fiber network and the user's devices, allowing for seamless communication and data transfer.
Currently, The biggest difference between PON technologies lies in the data link layer protocols which define the mode in which upper-layer data signals are received.
